Syllabus
Data Analytics - 12 ECTS
- Machine Learning
Machine Learning
Ects : 6
Lecturer :
Total hours : 36
Overview :
The course gives a thorough presentation of the machine learning field and follows this outline:
- general introduction to machine learning and to its focus on predictive performances (running example: k-nearest neighbours algorithm)
- machine learning as automated program building from examples (running example: decision trees)
- machine learning as optimization:
- empirical risk minimization
- links with maximum likelihood estimation
- surrogate losses and extended machine learning settings
- regularisation and kernel methods (support vector machines)
- reliable estimation of performances:
- over fitting
- split samples
- resampling (leave-one-out, cross-validation and bootstrap)
- ROC curve, AUC and other advanced measures
- combining models:
- ensemble techniques
- bagging and random forests
- boosting
- unsupervised learning:
- clustering (hierarchical clustering, k-means and variants, mixture models, density clustering)
- outlier and anomaly detection
Coefficient : 2 6 (M2 Economie Internationale et Développement) 6 (M2 Diagnostic économique international)
Require prerequisites :
- intermediate level in either Python or R. Students are expected to be able to perform standard data management tasks in Python or R, including, but not limited to:
- loading a data set from a CSV file
- recoding and cleaning the data set
- implementing a simple data exploration strategy based on pivot table and on graphical representation
- intermediate level in statistics and probability. Students are expected to be familiar with:
- descriptive statistics
- conditional probabilities and conditional expectations
- core results from statistics: bias and variance concepts, strong law of large numbers, central limit theorem, etc.
Learning outcomes :
After attending the course the students will
- have a good understanding of the algorithmic and statistical foundations of the main machine learning techniques
- be able to select machine learning techniques adapted to a particular task (exploratory analysis with clustering methods, predictive analysis, etc.)
- be able to design a model selection procedure adapted to a particular task
- report the results of a machine learning project with valid estimation of the performances of their model
Assessment :
- quizzes and tests during the course
- machine learning project
- Time Series and Anomaly Detection
Time Series and Anomaly Detection
Ects : 3
Lecturer :
Total hours : 24
Overview :
This lecture is thought as an introduction to the analysis of complex data, and particularly to that having a temporal component. Methods aimed at exploring and modelling time series, longitudinal data and graphs with temporal components will be addressed. The issues of detecting patterns, breakpoints, changes of regimes, and anomalies will be at the core of the different approaches.
The first chapters will be devoted to hidden Markov models. After having briefly recalled some definitions and properties of Markov processes, we will define hidden Markov processes, illustrate them with several examples and give some of their properties. Inference techniques using the EM algorithm and Bayesian approaches will be presented and illustrated in practice. We will particularly focus on some specific models which are extremely useful for segmenting time series stemming from the economics field, such as autoregressive Markov switching models.
The second part of the lecture will tackle the issue of change-point detection methods. We will start by introducing the change-point detection issue. More specifically, we will consider several frameworks and derive inference procedures for computing and locating change-points : online vs. offline strategies, single vs. multiple change point detection, known vs. unknown number of change points, parametric vs. non-parametric approaches.
The third chapter will be aimed at introducing the issue of anomaly detection in the context of temporal data. After having defined what an anomaly is, we will start by assessing whether and how hidden-Markov models and change-point analysis may be useful for detecting anomalies. Then, we will compare these two approaches with other techniques, stemming either from the field of computational statistics, or from that of machine learning. During this chapter, we will also consider the questions of detecting patterns and clustering temporal data.
The fourth chapter will address data that can be modelled as a graph or a temporal graph. We will start by introduce some definitions and summaries for characterising the network (degree distribution, centrality indices, ...). Afterwards, we will tackle the questions of community detection and graph clustering. Eventually, we will address the issues of random networks and associated tests for randomness. Models and methods introduced in this lecture will be practiced using existing implementations in R and “ real-life ” datasets.
Coefficient : 0,5
Require prerequisites :
Students are expected to have some notions of probabilities, statistical inference theory and time series analysis (ARIMA models). An intermediate
knowledge of R and/or Python is also desirable.
Learning outcomes :
Gain some background and perspective of time series analysis from a data science point of view.
Be able to handle temporal data subject to anomalies and change-points.
Have some basic knowledge about graphs and temporal graphs mining.
Assessment :
Data challenge. A project to be done individually or by two, analysing real life data.
- Data Science Project
Data Science Project
Ects : 3
Total hours : 18
Coefficient : 0,5
- Machine Learning
Machine Learning
Digital Economics - 18 ECTS
- Competition and network economics
Competition and network economics
Ects : 3
Lecturer :
- ANTOINE CHAPSAL
- ANNA CRETI
Total hours : 30
Overview :
Theory and practice of competition in network industries; antitrust issues; theory of network and network effects; two-sided platforms and pricing
Coefficient : 0,5
Recommended prerequisites :
Industrial Organization
Require prerequisites :
Advanced Micro
Learning outcomes :
Understanding of competition and regulation issues in network and digital economics
Assessment :
Written exam
Bibliography-recommended reading
Belleflamme-Peitz, Industrial Organization
- Blockchain economics
Blockchain economics
Ects : 6
Lecturer :
Total hours : 36
Overview :
While this is a fairly recent technology, this class will take students through the fundamentals of blockchains as well as implications regarding financial, economic or social interactions. The class will start by some history needed to understand what lead to the creation of Bitcoin, the first blockchain, in 2009. We will then review the detailed functioning of a blockchain. We will continue by discussing important current developments in the industry as well as implications for the economic environment. Lastly, we will discuss potential future developments and how blockchains will impact a broad range of industries. Students will also be introduced to recent academic work related to blockchains.
Students will be asked to pick a blockchain project from a list and present it briefly during the presentation session in front of the class (group presentation). When reaching this presentation session, students will be expected to be able to assess the pros and cons of a given blockchain project, and have a critical opinion on this project.
Coefficient : 1
Recommended prerequisites :
The first prerequisite is coding. Knowledge in Python and/or Javascript will greatly help students perform the homework. Student less familiar with Python are expected to increase their Python skills by the end of the semester.
The second prerequisite is basic economics (competition, market economy, utility maximization).
While knowledge in computer science and economics is needed to properly understand what a blockchain is, we will go through what is needed just to make sure everyone is on the same page. In particular we will go through asymmetric cryptography, distributed networks, consensus, game theory, financial markets and corporate finance. Although students with knowledge in any of those topics will be more confortable, I intend to present them “from scratch”.
Learning outcomes :
The objective of this class is to give students a deep theoretical overview of what a blockchain is. Nonetheless we will also use mock-blockchains, write smart contracts and interact with them, through some computer sessions. This will help solidify the knowledge learned and de-mystify the functioning of a blockchain.
Students will gain a deep knowledge of how a blockchain works internally. They will also be very aware of the different issues and perhaps they will be able to spot new use cases for a blockchain.
Assessment :
The evaluation is composed of a group presentation (1/3), homework (1/3) and a final exam (1/3). Class participation can be highly rewarded especially for students who struggle with homework. Students are encouraged to actively interact during the class.
Bibliography-recommended reading
Melanie Swan, Blockchain: Blueprint for a new economy, O’Reilly, 2015
Andreas Antonopoulos, Mastering Bitcoin, 2nd edition, O’Reilly, 2017
Andreas Antonopoulos / Gavin Wood, Mastering Ethereum, 1st edition, O’Reilly, 2018
Primavera De Filippi/ Aaron Wright, Blockchain and the Law: The Rule of Code, Harvard University Press, 2018
- Financial Data et Systemic risk
Financial Data et Systemic risk
Ects : 3
Lecturer :
Total hours : 24
Overview :
The course will equip students with the necessary knowledge to be able to undertake econometric analysis of the type commonly associated with modern financial econometrics research. Substantial emphasis will be placed on the development of programming skills in Python (or in MATLAB, especially for financial contagion and multivariate analysis).
Course outline:
- Data collection (CRSP-Compustat, Yahoo-Finance, ECB data warehouse)
- Market Risk Measurement (Value-at-Risk, Expected Shortfall) – ARCH/GARCH models – univariate time series
- Backtesting tests for market-risk measurement (independence test, unconditional coverage test, conditional coverage test, super exception)
- Systemic Risk and Macroprudential regulation (SIFIs identification, MES, SRISK, ?CoVaR) – multivariate time series
- Principal Component Analysis (absorption ratio computation)
- Contagion models (direct and indirect effects decomposition)
Coefficient : 0,5
Recommended prerequisites :
Time Series Analysis. Python programming.
Learning outcomes :
The course provides a deep knowledge of the advanced time series techniques and their application to systemic risk. A technical presentation of these models will be given, before studying applications of these models to systemic risk.
Assessment :
Individual homework assignment.
Bibliography-recommended reading
Benoit, S., Colliard, J.-E., Hurlin, C. and C. Pérignon (2017) Where the Risks Lie: A Survey on Systemic Risk, Review of Finance, 21(1), 109-152.
Benoit, S., Hurlin, C. and C. Pérignon (2019) Pitfalls in Systemic-Risk Scoring, Journal of Financial Intermediation, 38, 19-44.
Campbell, S. D. (2004) A Review of Backtesting and Backtesting Procedures, Working paper, Federal Reserve Board.
Christofferson, P. and Pelletier, D. (2004) Backtesting Value-at-Risk: A Duration-Based Approach, Journal of Financial Econometrics, 2(1), 84-108.
Du, Z. and J. C. Escanciano (2015) Backtesting Expected Shortfall: Accounting for Tail Risk, Management Science.
Diebold, F.X. and K. Yılmaz (2009) Measuring Financial Asset Returns and Volatility Spillovers, with Application to Global Equity Markets. The Economic Journal, 119(1), 158-171.
Diebold, F.X. and K. Yılmaz (2012) Better to Give than to Receive: Predictive Directional Measurement of Volatility Spillovers, International Journal of Forecasting, 28(1), 57-66.
- Private Cryptocurrencies
Private Cryptocurrencies
- Experimental Economics
Experimental Economics
Ects : 3
Lecturer :
Total hours : 21
Coefficient : 2 pour le M2 296 et 0,5 pour le M2 346
Data Analytics - 12 ECTS
- NLP for economic decisions
NLP for economic decisions
Ects : 3
Total hours : 24
Coefficient : 2 pour le M2 296 et 0,5 pour le M2 346
- Machine Learning for Economists
Machine Learning for Economists
Ects : 3
Lecturer :
Total hours : 24
Overview :
Economic science has evolved over several decades toward greater emphasis on empirical work. Ever increasing mass of available data (’big data’) in the past decade is likely to have a further and profound effect on economic research (Einav and Levin, 2014). Beyond economic research, governments and the industry are also increasingly seeking to use ’big data’ to solve a variety of problems, usually making use of the toolbox from machine learning (ML).
The question we ask in this course is the following : What do we (not) learn from big data and ML as economists? Is ML merely applying standard techniques to novel and large datasets? If ML is a fundamentally new empirical tool, how does it fit with what we know? In particular, how does it fit with our tools for causal inference problems? As empirical economists, how can we use big data and ML? We’ll discuss in detail how ML is useful to collect new data, for prediction in policy, and to provide new tools for estimation and inference.
Coefficient : 2 pour le M2 296 et 0,5 pour le M2 346
Recommended prerequisites :
Python (beginner/intermediate), Machine Learning, Microeconometrics.
Learning outcomes :
Course objectives:
1. Present a way of thinking about ML that gives it its own place in the econometric toolbox.
2 Develop an intuition of the problems to which it can be applied in economics, and its limitations.
3 Data challenge in health policy.
Assessment :
Grading:
1. In-class pairwise presentation of an academic paper (20% of overall grade).
2. Data challenge project : written report + in-class presentation (80% of overall grade).
Bibliography-recommended reading
- Mullainathan, Sendhil and Jann Spiess (2017). “Machine learning: An applied econometric approach”. In: Journal of Economic Perspective 31.2, pp. 87-106.
- Kleinberg, Jon et al. (2015). “Prediction policy problems”. American Economic Review 105.5, pp. 491-495.
- Athey, S. (2017): “Beyond prediction: Using big data for policy problems”, Science 355, 483–485.
- Kleinberg, J., Lakkaraju, H., Leskovec, J., Ludwig, J. and S. Mullainathan (2018): “Human Decisions and Machine Predictions”, The Quarterly Journal of Economics, Volume 133, Issue 1, Pages 237–293.
- Susan Athey, Guido W. Imbens. 2019. Machine Learning Methods That Economists Should Know About. Annual Review of Economics 11:1, 685-725.
- Athey, Susan, and Guido Imbens. 2016. “Recursive Partitioning for Heterogeneous Causal Effects”. PNAS 113(27): 7353–60.
- Belloni, A., V. Chernozhukov, S. Mullainathan and J. Spiess and C. Hansen.(2014): “High-Dimensional Methods and Inference on Structural and Treatment Effects” Journal of Economic Perspectives, Volume 28, Number 2 – Spring 2014, Pages 29–50
- Neural Networks
Neural Networks
Ects : 3
Lecturer :
- JOSEPH RYNKIEWICZ
Total hours : 18
Coefficient : 0,5
- Data visualisation
Data visualisation
Ects : 3
Total hours : 15
Coefficient : 0,5
Digital Economics - 9 ECTS
- Platform economics
Platform economics
Ects : 3
Total hours : 18
Coefficient : 0,5
- Solidity and smart contract development
Solidity and smart contract development
Ects : 3
Lecturer :
- TIANCHAN DONG
Total hours : 18
Overview :
This course introduces all major uses cases of the blockchain industry from a technical perspective. The course begins with an introduction of Github and Solidity coding fundamentals before diving into smart contract development. Participants will learn the most common ERC standards for tokens and NFTs before building more complex contracts for DAOs. Finally, a deep dive into the EVM and an outlook into the future of Blockchain - L2s.
The course schedule is as follows:
Lecture 1 - Blockchain Basics and Development
Lecture 2 - Solidity Fundamentals
Lecture 3 - Contracts and Complex Data Structures
Lecture 4 - ERC20 Tokens and Tokenomics
Lecture 5 - Intro to DeFi
Lecture 6 - Further DeFi Applications
Lecture 7 - NFTs
Lecture 8 - ReFi and NFT applications (Guest Lecture)
Lecture 9 - SDLC, Security and Testing
Lecture 10 - DAOs and Governance
Lecture 11 - Assembly and Gas Optimization
Lecture 12 - Scaling the future of Ethereum: L2s
Coefficient : 0,5
Recommended prerequisites :
Javascript knowledge and experience in software development, testing and deployment.
Open source collaboration, especially Github.
Some awareness of the Blockchain industry.
Require prerequisites :
Knowledge of at least 1 software programming language.
Learning outcomes :
At the conclusion of this course, participants will gain a solid foundation of Solidity programming and smart contract development, enough to be considered a junior blockchain developer. Participants will also gain an understanding of the open source philosophy and collaboration style.
Assessment :
The level of mastery will be continuously assessed throughout the course by:
- A weekly presentation on a topic more in depth than what is presented in the lecture material
- Weekly homeworks
- Final smart contract project with oral presentation
Bibliography-recommended reading
Mastering Ethereum by Andreas Antonopoulos - github.com/ethereumbook/ethereumbook
- Empirical Industrial Organization
Empirical Industrial Organization
Ects : 3
Lecturer :
- Daniel HERRERA ARAUJO
Total hours : 21
Coefficient : 2 pour le M2 296 et 0,5 pour le M2 346
Job Market Insertion - 9 ECTS
- Business Cases
Business Cases
Lecturer :
Total hours : 24
Overview :
The lecture is a sequence of use-cases in the industry and in the service business performed by professionals.
Coefficient : Validation
Learning outcomes :
Knowing some of the most common use cases of data sciences in firms decision making business.
Assessment :
Presentation of a resume of the lectures before a jury.
- Communication
Communication
Total hours : 12
Coefficient : Validation
- Internship
Internship
Ects : 9
Overview :
Students must intern at a company (semester 4) for at least 4 months.
Coefficient : 1,5
Learning outcomes :
The students should also complete an end-of-studies internship lasting at least 4 months. The curriculum includes guest lectures by visiting professionals on issues related to Big Data, providing another means of connecting with relevant business circles.
Assessment :
The internship will conclude with a report to be reviewed by a committee.
Academic Training Year 2025 - 2026 - subject to modification
Teaching Modalities
All courses in the D4E track are taught in English and involve lectures with projects, equipping students with the skills to master data analytics techniques.
The program covers data analytics and digital economics. In data analytics, students explore advanced topics like machine learning and neural networks. In digital economics, they examine blockchain economics and smart contracts. All courses are mandatory, ensuring a comprehensive and cohesive learning experience.
A key feature of the program is the “ Business Cases ” seminars, in which industry professionals present real-world challenges faced by their companies.
They explain how data analytics tools are employed to address these challenges and, whenever possible, provide students with the opportunity to work directly with the data, gaining hands-on experience with industry-relevant problems.
The program concludes with an end-of-study internship, starting in March and lasting a minimum of four months.
Internships and Supervised Projects
The supervised projects include the “ Data Science Project, ” which offers students a unique opportunity to tackle real-world problems through hands-on problem-solving. Guided by two faculty members, students leverage advanced data science tools to analyze and address challenges using real-world datasets.
These projects foster collaboration, critical thinking, and the practical application of the skills acquired during the program, effectively bridging the gap between theoretical concepts and practical implementation.
Theinternship is an essential component of the curriculum, enabling students to apply their knowledge in a professional setting. It concludes with the submission of a written report and an oral defense, both of which are evaluated and contribute to the students’ final assessment.
This process ensures that students not only gain practical experience but also develop their ability to critically reflect on their work and communicate their findings effectively.
Research-driven Programs
Training courses are developed in close collaboration with Dauphine's world-class research programs, which ensure high standards and innovation.
Research is organized around 6 disciplines all centered on the sciences of organizations and decision making.
Learn more about research at Dauphine